@article{Poorthuis_van der Zee_Guo_Keong_Dy_2020, title={Florence: a Web-based Grammar of Graphics for Making Maps and Learning Cartography}, url={https://cartographicperspectives.org/index.php/journal/article/view/1645}, DOI={10.14714/CP96.1645}, abstractNote={<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-GB">Online, web-based cartography workflows use a dizzying variety of software suites, libraries, and programming languages. This proliferation of mapmaking technologies, often developed from a software engineering rather than a cartographic foundation, creates a series of challenges for cartography education, research, and practice.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-GB">To address these challenges, we introduce a JavaScript-based open-source framework for web-based cartography and data visualization. It is built on top of existing open web standards that are already in intensive use for online mapmaking today, but provides a framework that is firmly based on cartographic and visualization theory rather than software engineering concepts. Specifically, we adopt concepts from Bertin’s </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Semiology of Graphics</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> and Wilkinson’s </span><span lang="en-GB"><em>Grammar of Graphics</em></span><span lang="en-GB"> to create a language with a limited number of core concepts and verbs that are combined in a declarative style of “writing” visualizations. In this paper, we posit a series of design guidelines that have informed our approach, and discuss how we translate these tenets into a software implementation and framework with specific use cases and examples. We frame the development of the software and the discussion specifically in the context of the use of such tools in cartography education.</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-GB">With this framework, we hope to provide an example of a software for web-based data visualization that is in sync with cartographic theories and objectives. Such approaches allow for potentially greater cartographic flexibility and creativity, as well as easier adoption in cartography courses.</span></span></p>}, number={96}, journal={Cartographic Perspectives}, author={Poorthuis, Ate and van der Zee, Lucas and Guo, Grace and Keong, Jo Hsi and Dy, Bianchi}, year={2020}, month={Dec.}, pages={32–50} }